The enactment of the Digital Act and the Digital Governance Acts were major achievements of the outcoming European Commission and Parliament. The new Commission, the regulatory authorities and industry now face the challenge of the development of data ecosystems. A wide range of initiatives have been launched over the past years, service providers have been developing solutions, users have been involved in experimentations and standardization efforts, developers in industry and academia have been working on the technology, public authorities have been facilitating cooperation among stakeholders, etc. It is now time to take stock of these efforts and to start drawing the lessons to be learnt from these efforts carried out in different contexts.
