After legal studies in Strasbourg and at the European University Institute of Florence, Martine Lombard received a doctorate in public law and passed "agrégation" to become a professor at the universities.

In 1986 she was hired by Air France to be their Director of Legal Affairs, she remained there until 1993.

First Professor at the Université de Paris Dauphine then Panthéon-Assas starting in 1997, Martine Lombard is specialized in economic regulation, a topic on which she has published numerous articles and books.

She was a member of the Supreme Judicial Council from January 2011 to January 2015. On the 7^th of January 2015, the Speaker of the National Assembly appointed Martine Lombard member of the ARCEP Executive Board.